Sacral fractures are breaks in the sacrum, the triangular bone at the base of the spine that forms part of the pelvis. These fractures can result from trauma, such as a fall or a car accident, or from conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis. In this guide, we will discuss the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for sacral fractures, with a focus on how physical therapy can help you recover and regain function.
Sacral fractures can be caused by:
- High-impact trauma, such as a fall from a height or a car accident
- Stress fractures from repetitive impact activities like running
- Osteoporosis or other conditions that weaken the bones
- Tumors or metastatic disease affecting the sacrum
Symptoms to Watch Out For
Common symptoms of sacral fractures include:
- Pain in the lower back, buttocks, or pelvic area
- Difficulty walking or standing
- Numbness or tingling in the legs or feet
- Loss of bladder or bowel control in severe cases
How are Sacral Fractures Diagnosed?
Sacral fractures are typically diagnosed based on:
- A physical examination to assess pain and mobility
- The patient's history of trauma or injury
- Imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI to visualize the fracture and assess its severity
The Treatment for Sacral Fractures
Treatment for sacral fractures may include:
- Rest and pain management with medications
- Immobilization with a brace or bed rest in stable fractures
- Physical therapy to restore strength and mobility
- Surgery in severe cases to stabilize the fracture and relieve pressure on nerves
Physical Therapy for Sacral Fractures
A physical therapist may employ the following during a session:
- Exercises: Gradual strengthening and range-of-motion exercises for the lower back, hips, and core muscles to improve stability and support the healing sacrum. Examples include gentle pelvic tilts, leg lifts, and core stabilization exercises.
- Manual Techniques: Hands-on techniques such as soft tissue massage and gentle joint mobilizations to improve mobility and reduce pain.
- Gait Training: Assistance with walking and using assistive devices, such as crutches or a walker, to ensure safe mobility.
- Education: Guidance on activity modifications, pain management strategies, and techniques to protect the healing sacrum during daily activities.
To prevent sacral fractures:
- Maintain bone health through a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, and regular weight-bearing exercise
- Use safety measures to prevent falls, such as using handrails and removing trip hazards
- Seek treatment for conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis
Conclusion
Sacral fractures can be a serious injury that requires careful management and rehabilitation. With the right treatment, including physical therapy, you can recover and regain function in your lower back and pelvis. By working closely with a physical therapist and following a personalized rehabilitation plan, you can restore strength, mobility, and stability to your pelvic region and return to your daily activities with confidence.
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